THE yen rallied and Japanese stocks fell after the country’s central bank tweaked its ultra-loose monetary policy today, while other Asian stocks were mixed after forecast-beating US data revived concerns the Federal Reserve could hike interest rates further.

After a closely watched meeting, the Bank of Japan said it would allow “greater flexibility” in government bond markets, having allowed them to move in a tight band in a process known as yields curve control.

But today it said that while it would maintain that range, its upper and lower limits would be used as references, rather than being rigid.

The move means rates in Japan would be allowed to rise more than previously. The yen fluctuated after the announcement before rising to around 138.30 per dollar, from 139.50 earlier in the day.

The currency has been hammered for more than a year as the BOJ refused to shift from its loose policy, even as central banks around the world raised interest rates to fight surging inflation. 

However, with prices picking up at home and the yen struggling, pressure has been growing on the bank to change tack.

The Nikkei 225 index sank more than 2% on the prospect of higher borrowing costs.

“The BOJ’s decision to tweak their yield curve control was broadly in line with what the market had anticipated, but probably not as hawkish as previously feared,” Khoon Goh, of Australia & New Zealand Banking Group, said.

“Market reaction has been very choppy as it is not a straightforward decision to digest.”

Traders had been on edge ahead of the announcement due to fears that tighter monetary policy would see Japanese investors – the biggest foreign owners of US Treasuries with vast holdings of other global assets – move their cash back home owing to better returns.

Stephen Innes, of SPI Asset Management, said: “It’s worth noting that Japanese investors have already sold a significant amount of foreign fixed income and have cash in dollars and foreign currencies that are waiting to be invested.

“This means that Japanese investors are currently underweight in Japanese government bonds and yen. As a result, there is a high possibility of a significant flow of funds being repatriated back into yen and invested in fixed income.” 

A decision late last year by the BOJ to widen the band within which it allows bonds to move sent shudders through markets and sent the yen soaring.

World markets have enjoyed a broadly positive week on hopes the Federal Reserve and other central banks were at or close to the end of more than a year of monetary tightening as inflation comes down.

The Fed said Wednesday that future rate decisions would be determined by data, which was welcomed by investors who saw recent indicators – pointing to an easing of price pressure and softening of the labour market – as giving it room to hold off more increases.

And yesterday, European Central Bank boss Christine Lagarde left open the possibility of a pause.

However, news that US growth beat expectations in the second quarter as jobless claims slipped revived the possibility that there was still more work to do.

After a negative day on Wall Street, Asian equities fluctuated.

Hong Kong and Shanghai were boosted by hopes for further measures by Beijing to boost the struggling Chinese economy, while Singapore and Taipei were also up.

Sydney, Seoul, Wellington, Manila, Mumbai and Jakarta fell.

Key figures around 0430 GMT

Tokyo - Nikkei 225: DOWN 1.3% at 32,453.97  

Hong Kong - Hang Seng Index: UP 0.9% at 19,814.76 (break)

Shanghai - Composite: UP 1.4% at 3,261.20 (break)

Dollar/yen: DOWN at ¥138.65 from ¥139.44 on Thursday

Euro/dollar: DOWN at US$1.0962 from US$1.0978 

Pound/dollar: DOWN at US$1.2766 from US$1.2794 

Euro/pound: UP at 85.86 from 85.78 pence 

West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 0.5% at US$79.67 per barrel 

Brent North Sea crude: DOWN 0.6% at US$83.71 per barrel  

New York - Dow: DOWN 0.7% at 35,282.72 (close) – AFP, July 28, 2023.