WEATHER-RELATED disasters have surged over the past 50 years, causing swelling economic damage even as early warning systems have meant dramatically fewer deaths, the United Nations said today.

Extreme weather, climate and water-related events caused 11,778 reported disasters between 1970 and 2021, new figures from the UN’s World Meteorological Organization (WMO) showed.

Those disasters killed slightly more than two million people and caused US$4.3 trillion (RM19.6 trillion) in economic losses.

“The most vulnerable communities unfortunately bear the brunt of weather, climate and water-related hazards,” WMO chief Petteri Taalas said in a statement.

The report found more than 90% of reported deaths worldwide due to disasters over the 51-year-period occurred in developing countries.

But the agency also said improved early warning systems and coordinated disaster management had significantly reduced the human casualty toll.

WMO pointed out in a report issued two years ago covering disaster-linked deaths and losses between 1970 and 2019, that at the beginning of the period the world was seeing more than 50,000 such deaths each year.

By the 2010s, the disaster death toll had dropped to below 20,000 annually.

In its update of that report, WMO said today 22,608 disaster deaths were recorded globally in 2020 and 2021 combined.

‘Early warnings save lives’

Cyclone Mocha, which wreaked havoc in Myanmar and Bangladesh last week, exemplifies this, Taalas said.

Mocha “caused widespread devastation… impacting the poorest of the poor,” he said.

But while Myanmar’s junta has put the death toll from the cyclone at 145, Taalas said during similar disasters in the past, “both Myanmar and Bangladesh suffered death tolls of tens and even hundreds of thousands of people”.

“Thanks to early warnings and disaster management these catastrophic mortality rates are now thankfully history. Early warnings save lives.”

The UN has launched a plan to ensure all nations are covered by disaster early warning systems by the end of 2027.

Endorsing that plan figures among the top strategic priorities during a meeting of WMO’s decision-making body, the World Meteorological Congress, which opens today.

To date, only half of countries have such systems in place.

Surging economic losses

WMO meanwhile warned that while deaths have plunged, the economic losses incurred when weather, climate and water extremes hit have soared.

The agency previously recorded economic losses increased sevenfold between 1970 and 2019, rising from US$49 million per day during the first decade to US$383 million per day in the final one.

Wealthy countries have been hardest hit by far in monetary terms. 

The United States alone incurred US$1.7 trillion in losses, or 39% of economic losses globally due to disasters since 1970.

But while the dollar figures on losses suffered in poorer nations were not particularly high, they were far higher in relation to the size of their economies, WMO noted.

Developed nations accounted for more than 60% of losses due to weather, climate and water disasters, but in more than four-fifths of cases, the economic losses were equivalent to less than 0.1% of GDP.

And no disasters saw reported economic losses greater than 3.5% of the respective GDPs.

By comparison, in 7% of the disasters to hit the world’s least developed countries, losses equivalent to more than 5% of their GDP were reported, with several disasters causing losses equivalent to nearly a third of GDP.

And for small island developing states, one fifth of disasters saw economic losses of more than 5% of GDP, with some causing economic losses above 100%. – AFP, May 22, 2023.