BRAZIL’S President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva yesterday decreed six new Indigenous reserves, including a vast Amazon territory, after a freeze in such expansion under his far-right predecessor Jair Bolsonaro.

Under the decrees, Indigenous people are guaranteed exclusive use of natural resources on these lands, viewed by scientists as a bulwark against Amazon deforestation – a major challenge in the fight against climate change.

They also commit the Brazilian state to protecting reserve land from intrusions of timber traffickers or illegal miners – the main contributors to forest destruction.

Lula signed the official decrees covering 620,000ha of land on the final day of a gathering of Indigenous people from around the country in the capital Brasilia.

“It is a time-consuming process, but we are going to make sure that as many Indigenous reserves as possible are legalised,” the president said.

“If we want to achieve zero deforestation by 2030, we need registered Indigenous reserves.”

Under four years of Bolsonaro, who had vowed to not cede “one more centimetre” of land to Brazil’s Indigenous communities, average annual deforestation had increased by 75% compared to the previous decade.

Bolsonaro instigated policies that favoured the agriculture and logging industries, which are mostly responsible for deforestation.

Two of the six new reserves are in the Amazon.

The largest, named Unieuxi, was allocated to 249 members of the Maku and Tukano peoples on more than 550,000ha in the northern state of Amazonas.

Two others are in the country’s northeast, one in the south, and one in central Brazil.

Yesterday’s announcement was made at a closing ceremony for the 19th edition of “Terra Livre” (Free Land), a gathering of thousands of Indigenous peoples from across the vast country.

“This lifts a weight from our shoulders,” 44-year-old Unieuxi resident Claudia Tomas told AFP-TV.

“It’s the best news we could have gotten, that our lands have been legalized. It fills us with hope.”

Tehe Pataxo, 29, is still waiting for news on demarcation of his traditional land in the northeastern state of Bahia, but said the move “reassures us about the future of our children”.

Lula signed the decrees next to prominent Indigenous leaders such as chief Raoni Metuktire, who presented him with a traditional headdress of blue and red feathers.

According to the latest census, dating from 2010, Brazil is home to about 800,000 Indigenous people. Most of them live on reserves that take up 13.8% of the national territory.

‘Fighting to recover’

The last declaration of a new Indigenous reserve in Brazil dates to five years ago, when then-president Michel Temer granted the Guato people rights to 20,000ha of ancestral land in the western Mato Grosso state.

Lula vowed to approve new reserves “as soon as possible” after taking office for a third term on January 1. He had previously served as president from 2003 to 2010.

He created the country’s first-ever ministry for Indigenous affairs, under Minister Sonia Guajajara.

“When they say that you occupy 14% of the territory and that it is a lot, it is necessary to remember that before the arrival of the Portuguese you occupied 100%,” Lula said to loud cheers by the crowd who made the “L” of Lula with an index finger and thumb.

More reserves are in the pipeline: Guajajara announced last month that 14 reserves were ready to be legalised – covering nearly 900,000ha in total.

These included the six announced yesterday.

“We are going to write a new history, for the sake of all humanity, of our planet,” Guajajara said after yesterday’s signing.

“We, the Indigenous peoples, represent only 5% of the world’s population, but we preserve more than 80% of the world’s biodiversity,” she added. – AFP, April 29, 2023.