IT is easy to assume that the Whistle-blower Protection Act 2010 protects anyone who discloses information of alleged wrongdoings or irregular actions of a person or persons in a company or an organisation.

The spirit of the whistle-blowing protection law lies on the protection of someone who discloses information of irregularity, be it corruption or improper conduct in the public and private sectors, that may invite a backlash while the information is being investigated.

However, the scope of the law only covers persons who make complaints to the relevant enforcement agencies, which include any department, agency or body of the government and the local authorities.

The immediate protection is the confidentiality of the identity of the person, which include his or her name, address and place of work.

Secondly, he will be provided immunity from civil and criminal action, and thirdly, protection against detrimental action.

Detrimental action may mean disciplinary action or prosecution of the person against whom the disclosure of improper conduct has been made.

However, the law does not cover those who openly discloses information in the public, for instance, to the media and on social media platforms. In the case of Lalitha Kunaratnam, she cannot claim whistle-blower status based on several criteria.

She wrote two articles, “Business ties among MACC leadership: how deep does it go?” (Part 1 and 2), based on the information she got from publicly available source (shares on past annual reports) and using that, she insinuated the wrongdoing and collusion of several high-ranking MACC officers.

Firstly, she does not come under the whistle-blower protection, simply because her identity is already revealed willingly.

Secondly, a whistle-blower is usually someone employed within an organisation who exposes the wrongdoing in that body and fears backlash from the employers or authorities.

Thirdly, the disclosure is blasted out on social media where anyone can have access to. She did not make a complaint to the relevant enforcement authorities where her identity will be automatically protected to prevent detrimental action from those affected by the disclosure of the information.

Detrimental actions can come in the form of lawsuits or even bodily harm that may or may not be directly proved to be connected to the disclosure.

Hence, the particular law in question does not provide that guarantee of protection if the complainant has exposed his or her own identity along with the information, simply because the source of backlash can come from anywhere and anyone.

Finally, the article is an insinuation of “business ties among MACC leadership” based on publicly available information, that is, the shares of Azam Baki.

In accordance with the law, the person who is aggrieved by her article has the legal and constitutional right to file a civil suit for defamation to protect his reputation.

The Defamation Act 1957 provides the guidelines for determining what is and what is not defamatory where the burden of proof lies on the plaintiff to prove that the statements were untrue and had imputed a “dishonourable or discreditable conduct” on the part of the plaintiff.

In the case of Azam filing a civil suit against Lalitha, he has every right to do so under the law. – January 8, 2022.

* C.K. Phang reads The Malaysian Insight.

* This is the opinion of the writer or publication and does not necessarily represent the views of The Malaysian Insight. Article may be edited for brevity and clarity.